Saturday, December 24, 2011

Definition Hardware (hardware) Computer

Understanding of hardware or in the Indonesian its also called the name of "hardware" is one component of a computer that is the nature of its tools can be seen and touched directly or shaped concrete, which serves to support the computerization process.
prosesor
Hardware can work on orders that have been specified therein, or which is also referred to by the term instruction set. With the commands that can be understood by the hardware, the hardware can perform a variety of activities that have been specified by the command.Physically, the computer consists of several components, which is a system. System are the components work together to form a unity. If one component does not work, will result in malfunction of the existing processes with a good computer. Computer components are included in the category of hardware elements (hardware). Based on the function, the computer hardware is divided into:1. divice input (input units)2. Process device (processing unit)3. Output device (output units)4. Backing Storage (storage unit)5. Peripherals (additional units)Basic components of the computer consists of input, process, output and storage. Input device consists of a keyboard and mouse, the device is a microprocessor Process (ALU, Internal Communications, and Control Registers section), Output devices consist of a monitor and printer, external memory storage consists of hard drives, floppy drives, CD ROM, magnetic tape. Internal storage memory comprises RAM and ROM. While the Peripheral Device component is an additional component or as a component that does not exist or did not exist before. Peripheral Component's an example: TV Tuner Card, Modem, Capture Card.1. Unit Input (Input Device)This unit serves as a medium for loading data from the outside in a memory and processor to be processed to produce the required information. Input devices or input unit is commonly used personal computer (PC) is a keyboard and mouse, keyboard and mouse is the unit that links the user (users) with the computer. In addition there is a joystick, which is used for playing games or games with a computer. Then the scanner to take pictures as digital images that can later be manipulated. Touch panel, using the touch of a finger users can perform a file access process. Microphone, to record the sound into the computer.Data entered into the computer system can be shaped input signal input and maintenance. Shaped input signal data entered into the computer system, while maintenance-shaped input program used to process the data entered. So in addition to input devices used to input data can also be used to enter the program. By its nature, the input devices can be classified into two namely:• peratalan direct input, the input is entered directly processed by the processing tool. For example: keyboard, mouse, touch screen, light pen, graphics digitizer tablet, a scanner.• Equipment indirect input, input via a particular medium before an input is processed by the processing tool. For example: the punched card, floppy disk, hard disk.Units input or input device consists of several kinds of devices are:a. KeyboardKeyboard input is the most important units in a data processing with computers. The keyboard works include letters, numbers, special characters as well as a medium for the user (users) to perform other commands are required, such as saving files and opening files. The creation of a computer keyboard comes from the typewriter models which are created and patented by Christopher Latham in 1868, and in 1887 produced and marketed by the Remington company. The keyboard is digunakanan now this is kind of QWERTY, in 1973, the keyboard was unveiled as a keyboard standard ISO (International Standards Organization). Number of keys on the keyboard consists of 104 keys. The keyboard now that we know has some kind of port, namely port serial, ps2, usb and wireless.
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keyboard qwerty

Type of Keyboard:

1.) QWERTY

2.) Dvorak

3.) KLOCKENBERG

The keyboard is usually used is the type QWERTY keyboard, which is shaped like keys on a typewriter. The QWERTY keyboard has four parts:

1. typewriter key

2. numeric keys

3. function key

4. special function key.

b. mouse

Mouse is one input unit (input device). The function of this tool is to move a pointer or cursor quickly. In addition, orders can be as practical and faster than with a keyboard. Mouse began to be used optimally since the operating system has been based GUI (Graphical User Interface). electrical signals as a mouse input device is generated by a small ball inside the mouse, according to the shifting or movement. Most of the mouse consists of three buttons, two buttons are generally only used the left button and right button. Currently the mouse is also equipped with rollers button (scroll), where the location of this button is located in the middle. The term suppression is called by clicking the left button (Click) where the emphasis is going to function when the mouse is on a designated object, but if not at a designated object of this emphasis will be ignored. In addition there are other terms that are called by dragging (drag) is pressing the left mouse button without releasing it with while being moved. This drag will cause the object to be moved or copied to other objects and other possibilities. The emphasis of the left mouse button twice quickly and regularly referred to as double-click (double click) while pressing the right mouse button once called by right-clicking (right click) Mouse port is composed of several serial mouse, mouse ps / 2, usb and wireless .

mouse
mouse devices
Mouse Wireless
c. touchpad

Enter this unit can usually be found on laptops and notebooks, by using your fingertips. Usually this unit can be used instead of a mouse. In addition to the touchpad is a model similar units enter the pointing stick and trackball.

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Touch Pad
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Touch Pad Track Ball
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Pointing Stick
d. Light Pen

Light pen is an electronic pointer is used to modify and download the design drawings to the screen (monitor). Light pen has a sensor that can transmit light signals to a computer which is then recorded, where the monitor works by recording the electronic signal every six lines per second.

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perangkat Light Pen
e. Joy Stick and Games Paddle

These devices are commonly used in games (games) computer. Joy Stick is usually shaped rod, while the games are usually paddle-shaped or square box made ​​of plastic comes with buttons that will govern the motion of an object in a computer.

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Gambar Joy Stick dan Paddle Games
f. barcode

Barcode included in the input unit (input device). The function of this tool is to read a code that shaped boxes or bold vertical lines are then translated in the form of numbers. These codes are usually attached to food products, beverages, electronic equipment and books. Today, every cashier in a supermarket or supermarkets in Indonesia to identify the products it sells with a barcode.

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Barcode Reader
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contoh barcode
Gambar Barcode
g. Scanner

Scanner is a tool that can serve to to copy or copy images or text which is then stored in computer memory. From next computer memory, stored in a hard disk or floppy disk. This scanner functions like copy machines, photocopiers difference was the result can be seen on the paper while the scanner results can be displayed via the monitor in advance so we can make improvements or modifications and can then be stored back in the form of text files or image files. In addition there is also an image scanner to scan commonly used to detect the computer answer sheet. Scanners used to scan the computer answer sheet is commonly used IR SCAN to LJK (Computer Answer Sheet) on the general tests and the National Examination. Scan type consists of light sensors called Optics, which can recognize the type 2B pencil. Scanners on the market is a scanner to copy an image or photo and usually also equipped with OCR (Optical Character Recognition) to copy or copy an object in text form.

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Scanner

When the scanner has been developed with the technology DMR (Digital Mark Reader), with a working system much like the scanner to the computer answer sheet correction, biodata and forms such as forms for school choice. With the DMR does not answer sheets must be answered uses pencils 2 B, but can use other stationery such as pens and markers and can use plain paper.

h. Digital cameras

Technological developments have been so sophisticated that computers capable of receiving input from the camera. The camera is called the Digital Cameras with better image quality and better than how to copy images using a scanner. Sharpness of images from digital cameras is determined by its pixels. The ease and practicality of this tool is very helpful many activities and jobs. Digital cameras require no film camera as usual. Pictures taken with a digital camera are stored into the memory of the camera is in the form of files, and can be moved or transferred to a computer. Digital cameras on the market today there are various types, ranging from the type of camera to take pictures until the camera is static that can be recording live or moving images such as video.
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kamera digital
i. Microphone and Headphone

Input units serves to record or enter a voice that will be stored in computer memory or to listen to the voice. With a microphone, you can record sound or can speak to people we want at the time of chat. Use of this microphone would require other hardware that serves to receive the voice input sound card and speakers to listen to the voice.

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headphones

j. Graphics Pads

Technology Computer Aided Design (CAD) can make the design of buildings, homes, car engines, and aircraft by using the Graphics Pads. Graphics is an input input pads for drawing objects on the monitor. Graphics pads used to have two types. First, using a needle (stylus) which is connected to the pad or pads using low voltages, which are included on the bearing surface of the touch-sensitive membrane (touch sensitive membrane surface). Low voltage that is sent is then translated into the coordinates of X - Y. Second, using a touch sensitive pad (touch sensitive pad) without using needles. The way it works is to put on a pad of drawing paper, and inscribed in pencil.
graphics_pads

2. Process device (processing unit)

Power Supplay

Lower supplay providing electric current to various devices CPU power supplay converting electricity and provide power to use the computer fixed. Supplay determine the quality of power quality performance of the computer. Resources for 300-400 wat supplay power supplied is usually enough for the computer used to typing or graphic. Meanwhile, power 400-500 watts is required if the computer works to use a lot of use peripherals (additional units).

power supply
RAM (Random Access Memory) - Memory

RAM stands for Random Access Memory is usually referred to as the short-term memory. Memory or RAM is a computer hardware device that serves as a temporary data storage area. Memory works by storing and supplying the necessary data required by the fast processor to be processed into information. understanding ram more detail click here

RAM
Graphics card (unit output)

Graphics card, or video card is an expansion card that serves to create and display on-screen displays. This graphics card consists of a series of electronic components. Usually embedded in the CPU slot on the main board on the computer. Some graphics cards offer other functions, such as video capture, and an adapter for a TV tuner, describes MPEG-2 and MPEG-4, FireWire, and connect to multiple screens. Some companies that make graphics cards are well known among other ATI, Matrox, and NVIDIA.

kartu grafis
Processor (processing unit)

Understanding Processor, or commonly referred to as the CPU, is the brain of the computer. The processor is the component that executes complex calculations that allow computers to be used to surf, play a song in iTunes, and run your operating system, meaning the processor <- complete click here

prosesor
Motherboard (processing unit)

Motherboard or main board is the circuit board where a variety of electronic components are connected, the motherboard are usually abbreviated with the mobo. On this motherboard hardware such as hard drive, ram, processor, graphics card, and other hardware devices connected.

Motherboards are mostly found in the market today is the PC's motherboard which was first made ​​with the base in order to fit the specifications of the IBM PC.

motherboard
3. Output device (unit output)

monitor

computer monitor is one type of soft-copy devices, because the output is in the form of an electronic signal, in this case is an image that appears on the screen. Images that appear are the result of processing the input data or information. The monitor has a variety of screen sizes like a television. Each brand and size of the monitors have different resolution levels. This resolution was the one who will determine the sharpness of the image can be displayed on the monitor screen. The types of monitor is now very diverse, ranging from large shapes with convex screens, up to a thin shape with a flat screen (flat).

monitor
printer

The printer is a hardware device that is connected to the computer that serves to mold menghasilan either writing or pictures from your computer on paper or similar media. Types of printers are of three types, namely type metrix Dot Printer, Ink jet printers and laser jet printers. click here -> printers more detailed understanding

printer
speakers

Sepaker here meaning the same as the speakers in general, speakers are transducers that convert electrical signals into audio frequency (noise) by means of the components that form the membrane vibrates.

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